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Curious why you didn't mention that the 1.2 and 1.4mya jaws from Atapuerca have chins. It's extremely interesting that these finds have chins, because no other hominin, or mammal for that matter, has chins but H. sapiens.

>"Curiously the method of production and curation appears to be exactly the same as for the animal bones, indicating that they were treated identically. We can never hope to know the spiritual and religious beliefs of Holocene hunter-gatherers, but it is interesting that they didn’t appear to view human and animal bone with any degree of difference."

Making tools out of a given material is done a certain way to get particular results, and bone is bone. What's interesting is that human bones were used, when there were orders of magnitude more animal bones available to make into tools. This strongly suggests that there was a cultural reason to use human bones, perhaps, as you suggest, due to familial or other close association, or the opposite, that they were the bones of vanquished foes.

Regarding the Red Deer Cave remains, it is interesting that we are so phenotypically similar to our ancient progenitors.

Thanks!

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